Lawsho

Biotechnology and Patentability in India

Exam-ready notes on biotechnology, patentable living-organism inventions and the exclusions under Section 3 of the Patents Act, 1970.

Tarun Sharma

28 Sep 2026 · 4 min read

Status of Biotechnology Patents in India

An exam-focused guide to biotechnology patents in India, statutory exclusions, TRIPS, biodiversity protection and leading judicial decisions.

Tarun Sharma

28 Sep 2026 · 5 min read

Evergreening Sui Generis Protection and Pharmaceutical Patents in India

Exam-ready notes on Section 3(d), Novartis, sui generis protection, compulsory licensing and pharmaceutical patents in India.

Tarun Sharma

28 Sep 2026 · 5 min read

IPAB Abolition in 2021: History and Present Patent Appeal System

A student-friendly history of IPAB, its patent jurisdiction, abolition in 2021 and the present High Court appeal structure.

Tarun Sharma

27 Sep 2026 · 6 min read

Controller of Patents: Powers and Functions in India

A structured guide to the Controller of Patents, including examination, opposition, compulsory licensing and quasi-judicial powers.

Tarun Sharma

27 Sep 2026 · 8 min read

Defences in Patent Infringement Cases in India

An exam-ready guide to validity challenges, non-infringement and statutory exceptions under Sections 47, 107 and 107A of the Patents Act.

Tarun Sharma

27 Sep 2026 · 7 min read

Remedies for Patent Infringement in India

A student-friendly guide to injunctions, damages, account of profits and other civil remedies for patent infringement under Indian law.

Tarun Sharma

27 Sep 2026 · 7 min read

Judge’s gavel beside an open law book, representing life imprisonment and statutory remission

Sessions Court Cannot Bar Remission in a Life Sentence

The Supreme Court has held that a Sessions Court may impose life imprisonment for murder but cannot exclude statutory remission by directing incarceration for the convict's entire natural life.

Tarun Sharma

24 Sep 2026 · 7 min read

Two blank sheets and a curved brass arrow on a wooden desk, with a fountain pen and scales of justice.

Resignation Withdrawal: Orissa High Court Reinstates Judge

The Orissa High Court explains why a timely withdrawal of resignation prevailed over later acceptance, granting reinstatement and service continuity but no back wages.

Tarun Sharma

15 Sep 2026 · 6 min read

Brass and silver mechanical components compared on technical drawings beneath a magnifying glass.

Patent Infringement Doctrines in India: A Practical Guide

How Indian patent infringement analysis treats equivalents, essential claim elements and prosecution history, with a carefully qualified FMC v Natco example.

Tarun Sharma

14 Sep 2026 · 5 min read

An illustrated brass gear mechanism behind a glass shield on technical drawings, with scales in the background.

Patent Infringement in India: Meaning, Rights and Tests

A practical guide to patent infringement in India, covering Section 48 rights, claim comparison, process-patent evidence, defences and civil remedies.

Tarun Sharma

14 Sep 2026 · 5 min read

Two illustrated contract documents joined by brass links, with a balance scale on a navy desk.

Personal Guarantee Arbitration: Supreme Court Explains

The Supreme Court held that an expressly integrated personal guarantee can carry the loan agreement’s arbitration clause. Here is the reasoning and its scope.

Tarun Sharma

14 Sep 2026 · 5 min read

Electricity Bill Limitation: Supreme Court Rejects Rs 57.74 Lakh Demand

The Supreme Court rejected a nine-year-old additional-load demand. Here is what the ruling says about Section 56(2), billing history and other recovery remedies.

Tarun Sharma

13 Sep 2026 · 5 min read

Supreme Court Upholds NCTE Power to Require Annual PARs

The Supreme Court has upheld NCTE’s authority to require annual Performance Appraisal Reports from teacher-education institutions. This article explains the ruling, its statutory basis and its wider significance for regulatory law.

Tarun Sharma

13 Sep 2026 · 8 min read

5 Landmark Patent Law Cases in India Explained Simply

Explore five landmark patent law cases in India that shaped the rules on inventive step, biotechnology, pharmaceutical patents, compulsory licensing and patent infringement. Each case is explained in simple language with its facts, decision and legal importance.

Tarun Sharma

14 Jul 2026 · 8 min read

Compulsory Licensing in India: Meaning, Grounds, Procedure and Bayer v. Natco

Understand compulsory licensing under Indian patent law, including its meaning, grounds, application procedure, royalty conditions, emergency provisions, export of medicines, and termination.

Tarun Sharma

14 Jul 2026 · 16 min read

Rights and Obligations of a Patentee in India: Assignment, Licensing and Infringement

Understand the rights and obligations of a patentee under Indian patent law. This guide explains product and process patent rights, infringement remedies, patent limitations, renewal fees, Form 27, co-ownership, assignment, licensing.

Tarun Sharma

14 Jul 2026 · 15 min read

Patent Registration in India: Complete Process, Rules and Timeline

Learn how patent registration works in India, from identifying an invention and filing the correct application to publication, examination, opposition, and final grant. This guide also explains provisional and complete specifications.

Tarun Sharma

14 Jul 2026 · 14 min read