Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 (BSA)

Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam

Dying Declaration Under Section 26 BSA 2023: Meaning, Rules, and Case Law

1. Meaning and Legal Foundation of Dying Declaration A dying declaration is a statement made by a person regarding the cause of their death or the circumstances surrounding the incident

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Tarun Sharma

20 Mar 2026 · 11 min read

Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 (BSA)

SECTION 25 – ADMISSIONS NOT CONCLUSIVE PROOF BUT MAY ESTOPPEL

1. Statutory Provision Section 25 of the BSA 2023 (analogous to Section 31 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872) states: “Admissions are not conclusive proof of the matters admitted, but

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Tarun Sharma

20 Mar 2026 · 4 min read

Section 24 Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023

SECTION 24 – CONFESSION BY CO-ACCUSED

(Under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA)) 1. Introduction In criminal cases involving more than one accused, a common issue is whether a confession made by one accused can be

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Tarun Sharma

2 Mar 2026 · 3 min read

Section 23 Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023

SECTION 23 – CONFESSION TO POLICE OFFICER

1. Statutory Provision (BSA, 2023) Section 23 of the BSA states: (1) No confession made to a police officer shall be proved as against a person accused of any offence.

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Tarun Sharma

25 Feb 2026 · 4 min read

Section 22 Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam

Section 22 Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) Explained: Confession Caused by Inducement, Threat, or Promise

SECTION 22 – CONFESSION CAUSED BY INDUCEMENT, THREAT OR PROMI A confession made by an accused person is irrelevant in a criminal proceeding if the making of the confession appears to

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Tarun Sharma

24 Jan 2026 · 17 min read

Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 (BSA)

General Principles III: Admissions and Confessions (Sections 15 to 21, BSA 2023) Part 2

This is Part 2; please refer to Part 1 for additional context. SECTION 19 – Admissions by Persons Whose Liability is Joint with That of a Party Bare Act Provision: Section

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Tarun Sharma

18 Jan 2026 · 10 min read

BSA

General Principles III: Admissions and Confessions (Sections 15 to 21, BSA 2023) Part 1

This is Part 1; please refer to Part 2 for additional context. Introduction Admissions and confessions are two kinds of statements that help courts reach the truth. These statements are

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Tarun Sharma

21 Jul 2025 · 9 min read

BSA

Facts Necessary to Explain or Introduce a Fact in Issue or Relevant Fact

SECTIONS 7 and 10 of BSA 2023 Statutory Text of Section 7 (BSA 2023) “Facts necessary to explain or introduce a fact in issue or relevant fact, or which support

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Tarun Sharma

5 Jul 2025 · 5 min read

Relevancy of facts under BSA 2023

Relevancy of Facts, Custom, Mental and Physical State

(Sections 9, 11, 12, and 13 – BSA 2023) SECTION 9 – Relevancy of Otherwise Irrelevant Facts (Facts necessary to explain or introduce relevant facts) Statutory Language: “Facts necessary to explain or

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Tarun Sharma

8 Jun 2025 · 11 min read

Res Gestae

Doctrine of Res Gestae and Evidence of Common Intention under Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

(Sections 4, 5, 6 & 8 Of BSA) Introduction The administration of justice depends not just on substantive law but also on procedural law and evidence law. The Bharatiya Sakshya

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Tarun Sharma

21 May 2025 · 10 min read