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Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

Sections 46–49 BSA 2023 Explained: Character Evidence in Criminal and Civil Cases

I. Introduction Character evidence is one of the most debated areas in the law of evidence. It plays a significant role in both civil and criminal proceedings, but its use

Tarun Sharma

22 Mar 2026 · 6 min read

Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

Statements Made Under Special Circumstances (Sections 34–38, BSA 2023): Meaning, Rules, and Examples

Section 34 – Entries in Books of Account 1. Concept and Purpose Section 34 deals with entries in books of account, whether manual or electronic, made in the regular course of

Tarun Sharma

22 Mar 2026 · 6 min read

Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam

Dying Declaration Under Section 26 BSA 2023: Meaning, Rules, and Case Law

1. Meaning and Legal Foundation of Dying Declaration A dying declaration is a statement made by a person regarding the cause of their death or the circumstances surrounding the incident

Tarun Sharma

20 Mar 2026 · 11 min read

Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 (BSA)

SECTION 25 – ADMISSIONS NOT CONCLUSIVE PROOF BUT MAY ESTOPPEL

1. Statutory Provision Section 25 of the BSA 2023 (analogous to Section 31 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872) states: “Admissions are not conclusive proof of the matters admitted, but

Tarun Sharma

20 Mar 2026 · 4 min read

General Principles III: Admissions and Confessions (Sections 15 to 21, BSA 2023) Part 2

General Principles III: Admissions and Confessions (Sections 15 to 21, BSA 2023) Part 2

This is Part 2; please refer to Part 1 for additional context. SECTION 19 – Admissions by Persons Whose Liability is Joint with That of a Party Bare Act Provision: Section

Tarun Sharma

18 Jan 2026 · 10 min read

General Principles III: Admissions and Confessions (Sections 15 to 21, BSA 2023) Part 1

General Principles III: Admissions and Confessions (Sections 15 to 21, BSA 2023) Part 1

This is Part 1; please refer to Part 2 for additional context. Introduction Admissions and confessions are two kinds of statements that help courts reach the truth. These statements are

Tarun Sharma

21 Jul 2025 · 9 min read

Facts Necessary to Explain or Introduce a Fact in Issue or Relevant Fact

Facts Necessary to Explain or Introduce a Fact in Issue or Relevant Fact

SECTIONS 7 and 10 of BSA 2023 Statutory Text of Section 7 (BSA 2023) “Facts necessary to explain or introduce a fact in issue or relevant fact, or which support

Tarun Sharma

5 Jul 2025 · 5 min read

Relevancy of Facts, Custom, Mental and Physical State

Relevancy of Facts, Custom, Mental and Physical State

(Sections 9, 11, 12, and 13 – BSA 2023) SECTION 9 – Relevancy of Otherwise Irrelevant Facts (Facts necessary to explain or introduce relevant facts) Statutory Language: “Facts necessary to explain or

Tarun Sharma

8 Jun 2025 · 11 min read

Doctrine of Res Gestae and Evidence of Common Intention under Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

Doctrine of Res Gestae and Evidence of Common Intention under Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

(Sections 4, 5, 6 & 8 Of BSA) Introduction The administration of justice depends not just on substantive law but also on procedural law and evidence law. The Bharatiya Sakshya

Tarun Sharma

21 May 2025 · 10 min read