Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

Documentary Evidence Under BSA 2023 (Sections 56–66): Meaning, Types, and Admissibility Rules

Introduction The law of evidence recognizes that in any judicial proceeding, documents and electronic records can provide powerful proof. However, not every document can be admitted easily. The Bharatiya Sakshya

Sections 46–49 BSA 2023 Explained: Character Evidence in Criminal and Civil Cases

I. Introduction Character evidence is one of the most debated areas in the law of evidence. It plays a significant role in both civil and criminal proceedings, but its use

Sections 39–45 BSA 2023 Explained: Relevancy of Opinions of Third Parties

Section 39 – Opinion as to Foreign Law 1. Statutory Provision (BSA 2023) Section 39 allows the opinion of persons specially skilled in foreign law to be relevant when the court

Statements Made Under Special Circumstances (Sections 34–38, BSA 2023): Meaning, Rules, and Examples

Section 34 – Entries in Books of Account 1. Concept and Purpose Section 34 deals with entries in books of account, whether manual or electronic, made in the regular course of

Dying Declaration Under Section 26 BSA 2023: Meaning, Rules, and Case Law

1. Meaning and Legal Foundation of Dying Declaration A dying declaration is a statement made by a person regarding the cause of their death or the circumstances surrounding the incident

SECTION 25 – ADMISSIONS NOT CONCLUSIVE PROOF BUT MAY ESTOPPEL

1. Statutory Provision Section 25 of the BSA 2023 (analogous to Section 31 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872) states: “Admissions are not conclusive proof of the matters admitted, but