BSA 2023

Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam

Sections 39–45 BSA 2023 Explained: Relevancy of Opinions of Third Parties

Section 39 – Opinion as to Foreign Law 1. Statutory Provision (BSA 2023) Section 39 allows the opinion of persons specially skilled in foreign law to be relevant when the court

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Tarun Sharma

22 Mar 2026 · 11 min read

Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

Statements Made Under Special Circumstances (Sections 34–38, BSA 2023): Meaning, Rules, and Examples

Section 34 – Entries in Books of Account 1. Concept and Purpose Section 34 deals with entries in books of account, whether manual or electronic, made in the regular course of

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Tarun Sharma

22 Mar 2026 · 6 min read

Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam

Dying Declaration Under Section 26 BSA 2023: Meaning, Rules, and Case Law

1. Meaning and Legal Foundation of Dying Declaration A dying declaration is a statement made by a person regarding the cause of their death or the circumstances surrounding the incident

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Tarun Sharma

20 Mar 2026 · 11 min read

Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 (BSA)

SECTION 25 – ADMISSIONS NOT CONCLUSIVE PROOF BUT MAY ESTOPPEL

1. Statutory Provision Section 25 of the BSA 2023 (analogous to Section 31 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872) states: “Admissions are not conclusive proof of the matters admitted, but

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Tarun Sharma

20 Mar 2026 · 4 min read

Section 24 Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023

SECTION 24 – CONFESSION BY CO-ACCUSED

(Under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA)) 1. Introduction In criminal cases involving more than one accused, a common issue is whether a confession made by one accused can be

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Tarun Sharma

2 Mar 2026 · 3 min read

Section 22 Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam

Section 22 Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) Explained: Confession Caused by Inducement, Threat, or Promise

SECTION 22 – CONFESSION CAUSED BY INDUCEMENT, THREAT OR PROMI A confession made by an accused person is irrelevant in a criminal proceeding if the making of the confession appears to

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Tarun Sharma

24 Jan 2026 · 18 min read

Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 (BSA)

General Principles III: Admissions and Confessions (Sections 15 to 21, BSA 2023) Part 2

This is Part 2; please refer to Part 1 for additional context. SECTION 19 – Admissions by Persons Whose Liability is Joint with That of a Party Bare Act Provision: Section

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Tarun Sharma

18 Jan 2026 · 10 min read

BSA

General Principles III: Admissions and Confessions (Sections 15 to 21, BSA 2023) Part 1

This is Part 1; please refer to Part 2 for additional context. Introduction Admissions and confessions are two kinds of statements that help courts reach the truth. These statements are

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Tarun Sharma

21 Jul 2025 · 9 min read